A tornado consists of five main parts: 

 
Initial swirl in a tornado. You can see dust and debris lifted from initial swirl torbellinoEl: formed by a clockwise descending column of very cold air that precedes a cloud (a cumulonimbus cloud or a very deep warm front) and gives rise immediately to another whirlwind of hot air rotates counterclockwise spiral overcoming the cold air. The initial vortex is not usually seen as being formed by cold, dry air and begins to be defined only when the displacing warmer air begins to act as a kind of centrifuge lifting objects, dust and debris (and animals in many cases). The descending column of cold air is immediately “sucked” by the cloud itself is advancing behind. The promotion has generated a dry air at high altitude (because moisture has condensed and has become the rain), but very cold at high altitude has been reached. That is why the heavier cold air sinks to the floor before the cloud of great vertical extension and development and to reach the ground is immediately absorbed by the column of rising air that forms the cloud itself that generated it, as already indicated.

The funnel or inverted cone beam (also when a waterspout at sea), begins to be fully visible because the rise, the moisture condenses leading column of hot air. At the beginning of the rise of this manga winds reach speeds very large because they represent the movement of the air of a relatively large area (often several kilometers radius) and a diameter of the low pressure area which is just a converges hundred yards or so, so so intense that compression results in incredibly high speed. As it rises is forming the typical funnel increasingly wide, because the velocity decreases rapidly and expands until it reaches disappear into the cloud produced by the warm front. Thus, it is literally impossible for a tornado “fall” of a mother cloud. The descent of cold air at the surface is a phenomenon known as an anticyclone which provides a very stable and it is inconceivable that tornadoes (even clouds or warm fronts).
The asymmetric base of a tornado. The funnel or a tornado manga tends to lean towards the cloud after the tornado because the foot moves faster than the top of the sleeve or funnel. This creates a very noticeable asymmetry easily visible from anywhere (unless you’re watching the tornado in the direction of the forward, ie from the point where it is headed: a good indication that there is to take shelter immediately that of seeing the tornado without any asymmetry.

The vortex: the bottom of the funnel, it comes in contact with soil. The vortex is the most destructive tornado, it is this point which has the smallest diameter, and therefore greater acceleration of the air, and that direct contact with the earth’s surface, uprooting trees, houses and dragging up the bulk Waste that is vacuuming. While most of the time a tornado has a single vortex, not infrequently appear several suction vortices, which in turn will rotate around the foot of the whirlwind.

The foot is the part of the earth that moves with the waves of rotation of the tornado.
Order to create a tornado must together three elements: an unstable time formed by a storm (an area of low pressure), a mass of cold, dry air therefore tends to descend and another mass of warm, moist air therefore, tends to rise. These elements are essential for their formation, but their presence alone is not enough not to give rise to a mini tornado, its creation mechanism is somewhat more complex and follows general guidelines. When there is thermal shock of the two fronts (warm and cold), due to strong condensation of water vapor associated with wet face, it creates a powerful storm or supercell (Keith A. Browning, 1949), and with it a visible cloud of vertical development called cumulonimbus, sometimes a representative dark and very often comes to precipitate as rain or hail. Inside the cloud, the air currents that are created by the vertical exchange of gases (low cold air and warm up for their different densities) lead to turn an initial current rise. On the other hand, and steadily producing anywhere on that affect or have affected the rays of the sun, bubbles or air masses that rise from the surface of the earth, when heated by solar radiation it. At the time that one of these bubbles of rising air is sucked into the updraft of the cloud goes up faster (50 km / h maximum) at the same time, thanks to Earth’s own rotation and / or support of any horizontal flow that spins, this mass or air bubbles rising from the earth’s surface is rolled on itself and eventually become a second rotating upward current, which in this case ranges from ground to the base of the cloud, the tornado.