Symptoms of Chronic Leukemia Mielositik
Published by Radiation therapy to the spleen sometimes help reduce the number of cells leukemik. Sometimes the spleen must be surgically removed (splenectomy) to:
- Reduce the discomfort in the abdomen
- Increase the number of platelets
- Reducing the likelihood of transfusion.
DEFINITION
Mielositik Leukemia (myeloid, mielogenous, granulositik, CML) is a disease in which a cell in the bone marrow become malignant and produce large amounts of granulocytes (a type of white blood cells) are abnormal.
This disease can affect all age groups, both men and women, but rarely found in children aged less than 10 years. Most of the granulocytes leukemik produced in the bone marrow, but some of them are made in the spleen and liver. In CML, the cells consist of cells that are very young to the mature cells, while the LMA is found only young cells.
Leukemik granulocytes tend to shift the normal cells in the bone marrow and often led to the formation of large amounts of fibrous tissue that depended normal bone marrow.
During the course of the disease, a growing number of young granulocytes into the blood stream and bone marrow (accelerated phase). At this phase, anemia and thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count) and the proportion of young white blood cells (blast cells) increased dramatically.
Sometimes granulocytes leukemik experience more change and the disease progresses into blast crisis. At the blast crisis, the malignant stem cells only produce young granulocytes alone, a sign that the disease gets worse. At this time kloroma (tumor containing granulocytes) can grow on the skin, bone, brain and lymph nodes.
CAUSE
The disease is associated with a chromosomal abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome.
SYMPTOMS
In the early stages, CML may not cause symptoms. However, some people may experience:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Fever or night sweats
- Feeling of fullness in the stomach (due to enlargement of the spleen).
Sometime later the patient became very ill because of the number of red blood cells and platelets decreased, so that the patient was pale, bruise easily and bleed easily. Fever, enlarged lymph nodes and skin bump formation are filled with granulocytes leukemik (kloroma) is a bad sign.
Diagnosis
CML is often diagnosed on routine blood tests. White blood cell count is very high, reaching 50000-1000000 cells / microliter of blood (mornal less than 11,000). On microscopic examination of blood, white blood cell looks young in the normal state is only found in the bone marrow.
Number of other white blood cells (eosinophils and basophils) also increased and found to form red blood cells are immature. To confirm the diagnosis examination to analyze chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Chromosome analysis is almost always indicate the presence of chromosomal rearrangements. Tues leukemik always have the Philadelphia chromosome and other chromosomal abnormalities preparation.
TREATMENT
Most treatments do not cure the disease, but only slow the progression of the disease. Treatment is considered successful if the white blood cell count can be reduced to less than 50.000/mikroliter blood. Even the best treatment can not destroy all the cells leukemik.
The only chance of cure is a bone marrow transplant. Transplantation is most effective when performed on stage awar and less effective if done in accelerated phase or blast crisis. Alpha interferon drug can normalize the bone marrow and lead to remission.
Hydroxyurea by mouth (swallowed) is the most widely used chemotherapy for this disease. Busulfan are also effective, but because it has serious side effects, then its use should not be too long.
Radiation therapy to the spleen sometimes help reduce the number of cells leukemik. Sometimes the spleen must be surgically removed (splenectomy) to:
- Reduce the discomfort in the abdomen
- Increase the number of platelets
- Reducing the likelihood of transfusion.
Prognosis
Approximately 20-30% of patients die within 2 years after the illness was diagnosed and after that about 25% of deaths each year. Many people who live betahan for 4 years or more after the illness was diagnosed, but ultimately died in accelerated phase or blast crisis. Life expectancy on average after only 2 months of blast crisis, but sometimes chemotherapy can prolong survival by 8-12 months.
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