The Study of Age-structured Populations: Introduction
Published by An introduction into Demography and age-structured populations.
Demography is an essential aspect of population ecology because it allows us to use current information about a population in order to make expectations about its future trends (Caldwell 1976). Demography is defined as the natural and social history of a species or the mathematical knowledge of populations including their general changes (Carey 1993). Demography includes the study of vital statistics such as birth and death rates as well as immigration and emigration patterns.
Human demography is especially interesting because it is greatly affected by historical events as well as trends that may arise socially. Historical events such as industrialization and improvement in healthcare lead to changes in human demography. In this study, we looked at the differences in demography between the 19th century and the 20th century as well as the effect that sex had on demography and survivorship.
We hypothesized that there would be differences in survivorship between individuals that lived in the 19th century and those that lived in the 20th century because of the improvement in health care that arose in the 20th century. We also hypothesized that females would have a greater survivorship than males because females tend to live longer than males in most countries.
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