Biorefinery: A New Eco Friendly Technology

Biorefinery is a concept borrowed from crude oil refinery.

It is series of process designed to obtain several products from single biomass. This can help in decreasing the overall cost of the system and the profit made from the biomass increases. These processes can ensure maximum utilization of biomass.

Image via Wikipedia

Image via Wikipedia

This process can use any kind of biomass, which are as follows:

1. Oil crops and residues
2. Sugar crops and residues
3. Starch crops and residues
4. Ligno-cellulosic crops and residues
5. Grasses
6. Algae
7. Other biological wastes like protein waste

Different processes can be used to get different products from same biomass. For example, evaporation can be used to remove volatile compounds, anaerobic fermentation to produce ethanol.

Now, these processes can either give energy products like Bio-diesel, Bio-ethanol, Bio-methane, Synthetic bio-fuels, Hydrogen, Electricity and Heat or material products like Food, Animal feed, Fertilizers (Minerals), Glycerin, Fiber Products, Chemicals and polymers, Organic acids and polymers.

The advantages of this process are that it helps in the centralized production of all kinds of products and supports economy of scale. Such industry could be setup at a place where large amount of raw material is present and then it can run almost indefinitely without worrying about the exhaustion of raw materials. This will help in reducing the global warming effects.

However, biggest disadvantage of this process is that it will lead to the diversion of various food lands to industry, which can lead to food wars.

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