Biology One Review

Cell Membrane

Controls movement into and out of the cell. Provides protection for the cell as well

5)    Identify the main roles of cytoskeleton

            Maintains cell shape           

6)    Identify main functions of the cell wall

            Cell wall provides support and protection for the cell

7)    What happens during diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated diffusion and active transport

-       Diffusion- Movement of particles from a high to low area of concentration

-       No energy required (passive transport)

-       Osmosis- diffusion of water

-       Hypertonic- lose H2O, higher concentration solute–à H20 shrivels. Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink

-       Hypotonic- Equilibrium—-à H20 normal. Water will move in and out of the cell equally, and the cell will not change shape

-       Isotonic- Gain H20, lower concentration solute–à H20 gets bigger. Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell

-       Facilitated Diffusion- Cell membranes have protein channels that act as carries, making it easy for certain molecules to cross (some can’t move and need help) proteins go through protein channels.

-       Active Transport- Take in endocytosis, expel exocytosis, pinocytosis (take in or expel liquids), phagocytosis (take in or expel solids)

-       Endocytosis- Process of taking materials into the cell by means of infoldings or pockets of the cell membrane

-       Phagocytosis- Extentions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole, the cell then engulfs it

-       Exocytosis- The membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell

-       Pinocytosis- Take in or expel liquids

8)    Describe cell specialization

-       Cells that develop special functions are considered specialized

-       Only in Eukaryotic