The name bacteria was given to most of the organisms under the Monera kingdom,believe to be the most abundant organisms on planet earth. Scientist presumed that they appear in the late Archeozotic period. Instead of getting energy from the sun and other sources, some certain primitive bacteria may have utilized iron, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. geologist states that during ancient geological times there were bacterial actions which resulted an an extensive deposits of iron in our environment to day.

When green plants began building up stores of organic compounds, some kinds of bacteria began to use this plants as their food supply. The tissues of the plants themselves was invaded by bacterial organisms as well as the bodies of animals.

Bacteria are very tiny, smaller even than individual cells. Bacteria always contain many RNA and DNA and contain many different proteins with enzymatic functions. They posses ribosomes of many organic compounds and provide both raw materials and metabolic machinery for their reproduction.

Under transverse binary fission, bacteria reproduce it self. It starts dividing in a period of 20 minutes. New bacteria forms by the division of a mother cell forming another bacteria.illus

There are three basic shapes of bacteria, these are;

Coccus- the cells of this bacteria are sphere like or globular object, there are five classification of this type;

• Diplococcus- The cells of this kind often joined by pairs of short filaments.
• Staphylococcus- They comes in a filament or string of cells.
• Tetrad   -     This type groups by four and arrange as square.
• Sarcina  – They forms as cubed or pockets of cell.

Staphylococcus

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Bacillus- the cells of this bacteria are cylindrical or rod in shape, there are two classification of this type;

• Diplobacillus – The cells of this kind comes by pairs.
• Streptobacillus – The cells are joined end to end and forming a filament or thread.

Spirillum- The cells of this bacteria comes in the form of heat rods or corkscrews.